JAVA定时任务原理入门
本文适用语言:java序章:定时任务实现方式
当下,java编码过程中,实现定时任务的方式主要以以下两种为主
spring框架的@Scheduled
quzrtz框架
网络上关于这两种框架的实践和配置相关的教程很多,这里不再赘述。
本文主要就二者的框架原理实现做一个入门引导,为了解深层实现细节做一定的铺垫。
本文源码版本:
spring-context-3.2.18.RELEASE.jar
quartz-1.8.6.jar
一、Scheduled
1.1 使用方法
@EnableScheduling // @EnableScheduling 在配置类上使用,开启计划任务的支持
@Component(value="myClass")// 由spring管理
public class MyClass {
@Scheduled(cron= "0 0 0 * * ?")//0 0 12 * * ? 每天12点触发0 0 0/1 * * ?0 0 0 * * ?
public void myTask() {
// 业务逻辑
...
}
}
1.2 源码分析
1.2.1 定时任务执行入口在哪?
org.springframework.scheduling.config.ContextLifecycleScheduledTaskRegistrar
public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent event) {
if (event.getApplicationContext() != this.applicationContext) {
return;
}
// 定时任务执行入口方法绑定到容器生命周期上
scheduleTasks();
}
1.2.2 调用链路
1. 所有已注册task
org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar
protected void scheduleTasks() {
...
if (this.triggerTasks != null) {
for (TriggerTask task : this.triggerTasks) {
// 执行初始化完成的task和Trigger
this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.schedule(
task.getRunnable(), task.getTrigger()));
}
}
...
}
2. 单个task
org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler
ScheduledFuture schedule(Runnable task, Trigger trigger);
3. 线程池执行task
org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler
public ScheduledFuture schedule(Runnable task, Trigger trigger) {
ScheduledExecutorService executor = getScheduledExecutor();
try {
ErrorHandler errorHandler =
(this.errorHandler != null ? this.errorHandler : TaskUtils.getDefaultErrorHandler(true));
// 调用具体的实现方法.schedule()
return new ReschedulingRunnable(task, trigger, executor, errorHandler).schedule();
}
catch (RejectedExecutionException ex) {
throw new TaskRejectedException("Executor [" + executor + "] did not accept task: " + task, ex);
}
}
4. 这块是具体的线程实现细节,已经与schedul无关
private <V> ScheduledFuture<V> schedule(final ScheduledFutureTask<V> task) {
if (task == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("task");
} else {
if (this.inEventLoop()) {
this.delayedTaskQueue.add(task);
} else {
// 此处就是真正的线程执行方法
this.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.delayedTaskQueue.add(task);
}
});
}
return task;
}
}
1.2.3 @Scheduled注解的生效原理
org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
// BeanPostProcessor生命周期方法,spring加载的时候会执行
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(final Object bean, String beanName) {
Class<?> targetClass = AopUtils.getTargetClass(bean);
if (!this.nonAnnotatedClasses.containsKey(targetClass)) {
final Set<Method> annotatedMethods = new LinkedHashSet<Method>(1);
ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(targetClass, new MethodCallback() {
public void doWith(Method method) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
Scheduled scheduled = AnnotationUtils.getAnnotation(method, Scheduled.class);
if (scheduled != null) {
// @Scheduled的真正解析方法,具体解析细节和参数参看源码
// 解析后添加到ScheduledTaskRegistrar里
// 全部任务解析完成,执行ScheduledTaskRegistrar,具体实现参看章节
processScheduled(scheduled, method, bean);
annotatedMethods.add(method);
}
}
});
if (annotatedMethods.isEmpty()) {
this.nonAnnotatedClasses.put(targetClass, Boolean.TRUE);
}
}
return bean;
}
二、QUARTZ
2.1 使用方法
// 实例化一个调度器工厂,每个应用只有唯一一个工厂实例
SchedulerFactory schedFact = new org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory();
// 实例化一个调度器
Scheduler sched = schedFact.getScheduler();
// 启动,只有启动了调度器Quartz才会去执行任务
sched.start();
// 实例化一个任务
JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class)
.withIdentity("myJob", "group1")
.build();
// 实例化一个任务触发器,立刻触发,每40s执行一次
Trigger trigger = newTrigger()
.withIdentity("myTrigger", "group1")
.startNow()
.withSchedule(simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(40)
.repeatForever())
.build();
// 调度任务
sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
2.2 源码分析
2.2.1 启动入口
1. web.xml配置
<context-param>
<param-name>quartz:config-file</param-name>
<param-value>/some/path/my_quartz.properties</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>quartz:shutdown-on-unload</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>quartz:start-on-load</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.quartz.ee.servlet.QuartzInitializerListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
2. org.quartz.ee.servlet.QuartzInitializerListener
// 执行ServletContextListener.contextInitialized的容器生命周期方法
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
...
// 根据自定义的配置文件加载SchedulerFactory
if (configFile != null) {
factory = new StdSchedulerFactory(configFile);
} else {
factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
}
// 加载scheduler
scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
// 启动scheduler
scheduler.start();
log.info("Scheduler has been started...");
...
}
2.2.2 核心方法详解
1. StdSchedulerFactory.getScheduler()
public Scheduler getScheduler() throws SchedulerException {
if (cfg == null) {
// 根据不同的配置方式加载对应配置
initialize();
}
...
// 加载实例(加载Scheduler整个上下文环境)
sched = instantiate();
return sched;
}
2. StdSchedulerFactory.getScheduler().instantiate()
具体实现代码很多,以下做伪代码描述
private Scheduler instantiate() throws SchedulerException {
// 校验初始化
if (cfg == null) {
initialize();
}
// 获取 Scheduler
// 加载 ThreadPool
// 加载 JobStore
// 加载 DataSources
// 加载 SchedulerPlugins
// 加载 JobListeners
// 加载 TriggerListeners
// 加载 ThreadExecutor
// 构造QuartzScheduler
qs = new QuartzScheduler(rsrcs, schedCtxt, idleWaitTime, dbFailureRetry);
Scheduler scheduler = instantiate(rsrcs, qs);
qs.initialize();
// 返回实例化好的scheduler
return scheduler;
}
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